How to cure grade 1, 2 and 3 adenoids in a child

Adenoids in children are a common problem for many parents, because the symptoms concern not only the child, but also disturb the peaceful sleep of adults. Adenoids appear due to the proliferation of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal tonsil under the influence of various unfavorable factors. In the area of ​​the nasopharynx and pharynx, there are several tonsils, which together form the pharyngeal ring. It refers to the protective formations of the immune system.

Under certain conditions, the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal tonsil begins to increase due to tissue hyperplasia. The opinion that growths provide a more powerful defense of the body is erroneous, because the cells are immature and are not able to fully perform their functions.

Which of the children most often suffer from adenoids?

• with lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis;
• with a tendency to allergies;
• with frequent ARVI and tonsillitis;
• in an unfavorable environment;
• with improper nutrition;
• by inhaling contaminated air.

Lymphoid growths are mainly diagnosed before 8 years of age. Closer to the age of 10, the lymphoid tissue of the amygdala begins to atrophy and undergoes sclerotic changes.

Normally, the enlargement of the tonsils occurs compensatory in response to the attack of the infection. When pathogenic microbes are defeated, lymphoid cells shrink and the amygdala returns to its normal size. With frequent attacks of pathogens, especially in chronic diseases (sinusitis, tonsillitis), inflammation is maintained in the tonsils, so their size remains increased.

Inflammation of the adenoids is called adenoiditis. It manifests itself with symptoms of angina, which is familiar to us, with severe pain when swallowing and febrile fever.

It is frequent adenoiditis that can become an indication for surgery to remove the adenoids.

Growth rates and symptoms of adenoids

There are three degrees of adenoids in children. Depending on the volume of hypertrophic tissue, clinical signs also have their own characteristics.

To suspect adenoids for the first time, parents need to pay attention to the baby's breathing. If the child breathes through the nose, but does not sleep well at night, sleepy and moody in the morning, the pharyngeal tonsil may have increased to the first degree.

When adenoids of the second degree are diagnosed in a child, the organs suffer from hypoxia due to insufficient supply of oxygen to the body. Parents notice that the child has red wings of the nose due to his frequent rubbing, wiping off the mucous discharge.

Chronic otitis media develops due to the narrowing of the lumen of the auditory tube by growths of lymphoid tissue.

Grade 3 adenoids in children lead to changes in the facial skeleton (adenoid face). The child's mouth is constantly open, the upper jaw is lengthened, the bite is disturbed, and the expression on the face becomes dejected.

Diagnostic measures

To diagnose adenoids, the otolaryngologist asks the symptoms that bother the child and parents, analyzes the features of the appearance of clinical signs. From instrumental studies, the doctor prescribes:

• pharyngoscopic diagnostics, with the help of which a specialist examines the condition of the pharyngeal mucosa. Usually mucus, purulent discharge on the surface is found. In the chronic course of pharyngitis, the mucous membrane may thicken or atrophy;
• anterior rhinoscopy - to examine the nasal passages with swollen mucous membranes and mucous secretions. For better visualization, it is necessary to drop drops with a vasoconstrictor effect. During the study, the doctor may ask the child to swallow saliva to assess the movement of hypertrophied tissue;
• posterior rhinoscopy, for which a special speculum is used to examine the adenoids. Outwardly, they look like hemispherical formations with grooves. In some cases, growths look like growths hanging from the surface of the nasopharynx;
• the third diagnostic method is represented by X-ray examination in lateral projection. In the process of diagnosis, the child needs to open his mouth. The survey allows you to establish the stage of pathological growth;
• endoscopic examination is performed under general anesthesia (in young children). The method is highly informative.

Treatment of adenoids

It is necessary to treat lymphoid growths by agreeing on therapy with a doctor, which allows you to individually select the most effective drugs. Previously, children over the age of three were prescribed an operation. Today, otolaryngologists are more inclined towards conservative therapy using an integrated approach.

Treatment with medications provides for the appointment:

• nasal drops or spray with a vasoconstrictor effect (Vibrocil, Otrivin). The duration of the course should not exceed 5-7 days, so as not to become addictive. Also from medicines used herbal, antimicrobial and astringent drugs, for example, Protargol, Sulfacil sodium and Pinosol;
• rinsing the nasal passages with a solution of sea salt or antiseptics (Furacilin, Chlorhexidine). The rinsing procedure is carried out over a washbasin or bath. The child needs to tilt his head forward, gently insert the tip of the syringe into the nasal passage and slowly pour in the solution, gradually increasing the stream. The solution is poured over the tongue through an open mouth;
• rinsing the oropharynx with solutions with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Of the drugs, Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Givalex or Rotokan are used. For irrigation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, Bioparox or Tantum Verde is prescribed.

An unpleasant moment of treatment is a visit to the dentist, but this is necessary to eliminate a chronic infection (caries) in the oral cavity.

Grade 2 adenoids in children respond well to physiotherapy. The doctor can use ultraviolet radiation, electrophoresis, or laser.

In some cases, a specialist may prescribe:

• vitamin and mineral complexes that correct hypovitaminosis and normalize metabolism. Children are allowed Supradin, Alphabet;
• antihistamines (Loratadin, Suprastin), which reduce tissue swelling, which allows nasal breathing to be restored;
• antibacterial agents (Augmentin, Sumamed), the indication for which is hyperthermia and purulent discharge;
• immunomodulators (IRS-19, Immunal), which can increase the immune defense.

Adenotomy

Surgical treatment is performed when complications of adenoids appear (frequent adenoiditis, hearing loss, rapid increase in adenoids and apnea).

Preparation before surgery must be carried out carefully to avoid unwanted consequences. In the preoperative period it is necessary:

• complete examination of the child - to identify contraindications, determine the scope of surgery and assess overall health;
• consultation with an anesthesiologist, during which the method of anesthesia and possible complications of anesthesia are discussed. If necessary, the doctor can refer the patient for further examination or consultation with a narrow specialist (cardiologist, nephrologist);
• the last meal should not be later than 19:00 on the eve of the operation.

In addition, parents need to take care of the release of the child from school and sports sections in advance. This will restore the strength of the body and protect the child from colds.

Particular attention should be paid to the psychoemotional state of children before the operation.

Fear can disrupt the operation, so the parents need to reassure the little patient and promise to buy something (a toy).

Improper preparation can lead to the cancellation of surgery. It will be very difficult to bring the child to the hospital for the second time; parents can immediately prepare for a hysteria.

Pain relief is chosen by the anesthesiologist based on the diagnostic results, the patient's age and mental characteristics. Nowadays, two types of anesthesia are used:

• local anesthesia is performed in older children. The mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is irrigated with a solution of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine. Local anesthesia is rarely used these days. The disadvantage of the method is the lack of protection for the psychoemotional state of children, the preservation of physical activity, which significantly interferes with the surgeon to perform high-quality removal of the adenoids. Preservation of pieces of hyperplastic tissue later becomes the basis for the re-proliferation of lymphoid tissue. In addition, if the child begins to escape from the hands of medical personnel, the surgeon can accidentally injure the blood vessels, which leads to the development of bleeding;
• general anesthesia is more acceptable for adenotomy. The advantages include the immobility of the patient, the complete absence of pain, fear and anxiety. After the operation, the child does not remember the unpleasant moments of the intervention, therefore, it is easier to tolerate the operation. The little patient falls asleep and wakes up smoothly, which allows for the comfort of the child and peace of mind for the parents.

Surgical treatment is carried out in several ways:

• the classical method involves the use of a ring-shaped knife - an adenotome;
• laser - has a minimal risk of infection, accuracy and painlessness;
• endoscopy - involves the use of special instruments, including a videoscope. During the operation, the surgeon manages to visualize the operating field well, which makes it possible to qualitatively remove the lymphoid hyperplastic tissue.

In the postoperative period, it is prohibited to take antipyretic drugs based on acetylsalicylic acid, because it affects the blood coagulation system, increasing the risk of bleeding. Also, hot baths, hard, spicy and hot foods are not recommended.

Traditional therapy

Treatment with folk remedies is carried out at all stages of the adenoids. The basis of therapy is to rinse the nose, throat and instill the nasal passages. For this, proven folk recipes are used.

The lavage procedure is performed to remove chronic infection, when microbes lodge in mucosal folds and lacunae, maintaining inflammation. Also, solutions reduce inflammation and inhibit the proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Rinsing agents:

• the most commonly used solution is sea salt. To prepare, dissolve 3 g sea salt in warm water (220 ml). If you don't want to bother with the preparation of the solution, you can purchase ready-made products at the pharmacy, for example, Aqua Maris or Humer;
• thuja, oak bark and eucalyptus leaves are taken in equal volume, finely chopped and mixed. 15 g of the collection must be poured with 190 ml of boiling water, and then maintain the temperature in a water bath for 4 minutes. Then, having filtered the solution, you can start rinsing and repeat the procedure twice a day;
• in addition to cleansing, rinsing can be used to treat inflammation. For this, a decoction of sage, chamomile, and oak bark herbs is recommended. The recipe involves brewing 15 g of the mixture in 230 ml of boiling water for a quarter of an hour. After filtering the solution, it should be used to rinse the nose;
• chamomile, eucalyptus and birch leaves must be poured with 250 ml of boiling water and insisted under the lid for about half an hour. After filtering the solution, use it to rinse the cavities.

After cleansing the nasal passages, it is necessary to drip the nose with medicinal solutions or means:

• Kalanchoe juice has long proven its effect. To prepare a healing medicine, it is enough to dilute the juice with drinking water at room temperature. The proportion is 1: 1. You need to drip 2 drops into each nasal passage;
• beet juice has an astringent effect. For cooking, take the juice of fresh beets and dilute with warm water 1: 1. In each nasal passage, you need to drip 3 drops. You can also add a little honey to the prepared medicine, and then use it to instill the nose;
• sea ​​buckthorn, eucalyptus or tea tree oil.

In addition to drug therapy, treatment should include procedures to strengthen the immune system.

For this, hardening is carried out, the nutritious diet is normalized, physical activity is limited and the rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection (sinusitis, pharyngitis) is carried out.

Of particular importance is a sanatorium-resort vacation in places with a sea, mountain or forest climate. Regular visits to ecologically clean regions have a beneficial effect on immunity.