Treatment of adenoiditis consists of pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and in some cases, surgery. Treatment methods for ENT pathology depend on the degree of proliferation of lymphadenoid tissues in the nasopharynx. With a slight inflammation of the adenoid vegetations, drug treatment is used, which is aimed at destroying the pathogenic flora and eliminating infectious and inflammatory reactions in soft tissues. Frequent relapses of adenoiditis are a direct indication for adenotomy, i.e. surgical excision of the hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsil.
When to see a doctor?
How is adenoiditis treated? An inflamed pharyngeal tonsil is treated either conservatively with pharmacotherapy or surgically (adenotomy). The key reason for the excision of adenoid vegetations is more than grade 2 tonsil hypertrophy, in which overgrown tissues overlap the airway lumen by more than 2/3.
Important! Late treatment of inflammation of the hypertrophied tonsil is fraught with the development of sinusitis, ethmoiditis and rhinosinusitis.
Adenoiditis is accompanied by difficulty in nasal breathing, which leads to hypoxia, and subsequently to disruption of the brain. Hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues entails blockage of the mouth of the Eustachian tube, which can cause the development of Eustachitis or otitis media. In addition, ignoring the problem leads to the chronicization of pathological processes and the development of serious complications.
It is undesirable to postpone a visit to the otolaryngologist in the event of the appearance of such pathological signs:
- purulent discharge from the nose;
- subfebrile fever;
- dry cough;
- feeling of a lump in the throat;
- nasal voice;
- hearing loss;
- pain in the ear and throat;
- difficulty swallowing;
- food entering the nasopharynx.
Adenoids can cause deformity of the lower jaw in children. Due to the lack of air, the mouth constantly remains open, which over time leads to deformation of the facial section of the skull and a violation of the bite.
Treatment methods
The goal of treatment for ENT disease is to eliminate foci of inflammation in the parenchyma of the hypertrophied nasopharyngeal tonsil. Drug therapy allows you to prevent the recurrent course of infectious and inflammatory reactions in the laryngopharynx and upper respiratory tract. How to treat an inflamed tonsil?
At the initial stages of the development of acute adenoiditis, they are limited to the use of antibacterial or antiviral agents. In the presence of fluctuations, it is necessary to perform a surgical opening of the abscess, which will prevent soft tissue melting. In the postoperative period, the patient should undergo hyposensitizing, irrigation and detoxification therapy.
As drugs of symptomatic action, the following are prescribed:
- immunostimulants;
- vasoconstrictor drops;
- antipyretic drugs;
- antiseptic solutions.
To restore the integrity of tissues and nasal breathing, physiotherapy is performed. Ozone therapy and laser therapy improve tissue trophism, thereby accelerating regeneration processes in the mucous membranes of the ENT organs.
Pharmacotherapy
Organ-preserving methods of therapy prevent the development of suppurative processes in lymphadenoid accumulations. Competent and timely medical treatment allows you to eliminate the pathological flora in adenoid vegetation and prevent their further growth. The pharyngeal tonsil takes part in the formation of the immune barrier in the upper respiratory tract, therefore, excision of the organ often leads to a decrease in immunity and, as a consequence, frequent relapses of respiratory diseases. Conservative, i.e. non-surgical treatment of ENT pathology should be accompanied by the following medications:
| Drug type | Operating principle | Drug name |
|---|---|---|
| systemic antibiotics | destroy pathogenic microbes, which leads to the elimination of bacterial inflammation and suppuration in the nasopharyngeal tonsil |
|
| vasoconstrictor nasal drops | increase the elasticity of blood vessels and normalize the outflow of lymph from the affected tissues, as a result of which breathing through the nose is facilitated |
|
| antiallergic drugs | suppress the action of serotonin and histamine by reducing the sensitivity of allergic receptors, which helps to eliminate puffiness and inflammation |
|
| antiseptic solutions for nasal irrigation | suppress the activity of pathogenic microbes, viruses, protozoa and fungi that cause purulent-allergic reactions in lymphoid tissues |
|
| antiviral agents | inhibit the reproductive activity of virions by inhibiting the synthesis of pathogenic DNA or RNA |
|
| immunostimulants | increase the activity of immunocompetent cells or promote the production of interferon, which leads to an increase in the body's resistance |
|
| vitamin and mineral complexes | accelerate biochemical reactions in cells, thereby increasing the reactivity of lymphadenoid tissues |
|
Most drugs are available without a prescription, but dosage and drug regimens should only be determined by the treating physician.
Physiotherapy treatment
How to cure adenoiditis? Physiotherapy treatment of ENT pathologies can reduce the drug load on the detoxification organs and accelerate the regeneration of the affected tissues. Apparatus therapy is aimed at accelerating cell metabolism, improving tissue trophism and increasing local immunity.
Physiotherapy cannot replace drug treatment, but it helps to restore the functional activity of the ENT organs.
For the treatment of adenoiditis at the stage of regression of infectious-allergic processes, the following types of physiotherapy can be used:
- electrophoresis - the introduction of antiseptic and anti-inflammatory solutions into lymphoid tissues using an electric field;
- magnetotherapy - the effect of low-frequency magnetic fields on the hypertrophied amygdala, which contributes to the restoration of redox processes in tissues;
- ozone therapy - disinfection of foci of damage with ozone, stimulating an increase in local immunity;
- UV-therapy - irradiation of inflamed hyperplastic tissues with ultraviolet radiation,
having a bacteriostatic effect; - laser therapy - the effect on soft tissues of scattered laser radiation, which has a pronounced antimicrobial and antiviral effect.
having a bacteriostatic effect;To achieve the necessary therapeutic results, treatment procedures must be performed at least 2-3 times a week for a half month.With frequent recurrence of pathology and the absence of positive dynamics, the patient is prescribed surgical treatment for adenoiditis.
Adenotomy
Adenotomy is a partial or complete excision of adenoid vegetations, which is carried out in the case of a strong proliferation of lymphadenoid tissues. Surgical treatment is resorted to only if drug and physiotherapy treatment is ineffective. Direct indications for surgery are:
- hearing impairment;
- Difficulty nasal breathing;
- frequent relapses of ENT diseases;
- adenoid cough;
- speech disorders;
- the formation of an "adenoid face".
Surgical treatment is carried out only when the patient reaches 3 years of age.
Postponement of the operation in the presence of direct indications can cause serious complications. In particular, persistent hearing loss can lead to the development of conductive hearing loss, catarrhal otitis media, mastoiditis, meningitis, etc. In addition, the presence of chronic foci of inflammation in the ENT organs often leads to the appearance of glomerulonephritis and bronchial asthma.
Removal of the hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsil is carried out using a radio wave or instrumental method. With partial excision of adenoid vegetations, a microbrider or "laser knife" is often used. Surgery for adults is performed under local anesthesia for 15-20 minutes. After the procedure, the patient is prescribed antibiotic therapy, which excludes the development of septic inflammation in the operated tissues.
