After surgery, it is sometimes observed that the child snores or has a fever, but do not panic.
First, let's analyze when the operation is indicated?
- frequent acute adenoiditis, when the inflammatory focus is localized in the pharyngeal tonsil, thereby causing the appearance of local symptoms and deterioration of the general condition. The child has febrile hyperthermia, headache, nasal congestion, pain when swallowing, severe malaise and lack of appetite. The acute form often becomes chronic, forming an infectious focus;
- difficulty in nasal breathing, which is accompanied by constant breathing through the mouth, dry mucous membranes, frequent acute respiratory viral infections, exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, as well as changes in the child's psycho-emotional state and poor school performance;
- Apnea is a particularly dangerous symptom when babies temporarily stop breathing during sleep. As a result, hypoxia develops and the functioning of internal organs is disrupted;
- chronic otitis media develops against the background of narrowing of the lumen of the Eustachian tube by lymphoid growths, which leads to frequent exacerbations of otitis media and a decrease in auditory function;
In children, hearing impairment develops rapidly due to the smaller diameter of the auditory tube.
- deformation of the skeleton of the face due to constant nasal congestion.
Removal of lymphoid growths is carried out:
- in the classical way using a special knife (adenotome). The disadvantage of the operation is severe bleeding, insufficient visibility, which leads to incomplete removal of hyperplastic tissue. Today, radio wave adenotomas are used;
- laser. The most effective, low-traumatic and high-precision method with minimal risk of infection;
- endoscopic instruments. The advantages include the ability to visualize the surgical field thanks to the video endoscope;
- coblation. It is carried out with the help of a coblator, which prevents bleeding, the appearance of severe pain syndrome, provides the maximum result and prevents relapse.
Complications
Severe complications in the postoperative period are extremely rare. Often they are associated with insufficient qualifications of the doctor or non-compliance with the rules by the patient during the rehabilitation period.
Temperature increase
In most cases, the temperature is recorded after adenotomy in children, as well as pain in the oropharynx area.
These symptoms are quite common and disappear literally in 3-4 days. The use of medicines based on acetylsalicylic acid is prohibited due to the risk of bleeding, since aspirin reduces blood clotting. The temperature usually rises in the evening, but subfebrile conditions are possible in the morning.
Hyperthermia does not exceed 38 degrees, so its drug reduction is not required.
For the purpose of control, it is necessary to measure the temperature of children for 5 days after the operation twice a day, even in the absence of any complaints. If the hyperthermia exceeds 38 degrees, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, Ibuprofen, Nimesil, is recommended.
To combat hyperthermia in children under three years of age, rectal suppositories (Efferalgan) and antipyretic syrups (Nurofen, Panadol) are recommended. A plentiful warm drink, bed rest and rubdown with warm water are mandatory. The use of a diluted vinegar solution is prohibited in newborns due to the high risk of intoxication.
If the temperature remains above 38 degrees for 3 days, you should consult your doctor.
The appearance of hyperthermia indicates wound infection during the operation due to non-observance of the rules of asepsis or after the operation with the attachment of viral or bacterial pathogens against the background of a weakened immune defense.
After the examination of the child and the identification of the cause of hyperthermia, antibacterial agents in tablet form or in the form of a suspension for oral administration, as well as solutions with an antiseptic effect for rinsing the throat and rinsing the nasal cavities, can be prescribed.
Otitis
The development of acute otitis media or exacerbation of chronic inflammation is observed due to the swelling of injured tissues, due to which the patency of the Eustachian tube is impaired. In the middle ear section, ventilation is disturbed, and favorable conditions appear for the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
In the treatment of otitis media are used:
- ear drops such as Otinum, Otipax;
- antihistamines, for example, Zodak, Loratadin, the action of which is aimed at reducing tissue edema, improving the airway function of the auditory tube, restoring the sanitation of the ear cavity;
- hormonal agents (in severe cases) in the composition of ear drops (Sofradex, Tobradex).
Physiotherapy treatments are also used. All drugs are prescribed exclusively by a doctor, including folk remedies:
- essential oil. A mixture of tea tree oils (3 drops), olive oil (30 ml), colloidal silver, apple cider vinegar 5 ml each should be heated in a water bath, drip the ear with a pipette. To do this, you need to tilt your head towards the healthy ear, pull the auricle slightly backward and upward, then drop 2 drops and lie on the healthy ear so that the medicine does not leak out;
- 0.5% hydrogen peroxide. A cotton swab should be moistened with a solution and placed in the ear canal;
- white vinegar. In diluted vinegar with water (1:10), you need to moisten a cotton swab and insert into the ear canal;
- garlic. Chopped clove of garlic should be poured over with olive oil and infused overnight. In the morning, having filtered the mixture, it is required to warm it up in a water bath and drip 2 drops into the ear.
Pain in the oropharynx
They usually bother for several days. To reduce pain, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents are prescribed in the form of solutions.
Of the medicines, Miramistin, Givalex, Chlorophyllipt, Chlorhexidine or Rotokan are used. Decoctions of herbs also reduce the severity of inflammation and have an analgesic effect.
For this, calendula, sage, chamomile and oak bark are used. In addition, of the undesirable consequences of concern:
- snore. Snoring is another complication. Its appearance is due to swelling of the mucous membrane, which makes it difficult for normal nasal breathing. Usually, snoring can persist for up to 10 days of the postoperative period. If the symptom is observed in a more distant time, a doctor's consultation is required. To reduce tissue swelling, the use of nasal sprays or drops with a vasoconstrictor effect is indicated. Due to vasospasm, there is a decrease in fluid leaving the vascular bed, thereby reducing swelling;
- bleeding. One of the complications is bleeding. Symptomatically manifested by the release of mucus mixed with blood or even blood clots from the nasal cavity or throat.In this case, you should consult a doctor for prescribing hemostatic therapy. The release of blood crusts and veins can be observed up to a month;
- nasalness. Not always nasal and shortness of breath through the nose go away in the first days after surgery. Usually, the restoration of nasal breathing and voice is observed within 10 days. If the symptoms bother for more than two weeks, specialist advice is required;
- allergy. Complications can also be associated with allergic reactions to drugs used for anesthesia. To prevent this, in the preoperative period, an anesthesiologist is consulted, during which a detailed survey of the child or parents is carried out about allergies and the presence of concomitant pathology;
- intraoperatively, trauma to the palate and massive bleeding with a high risk of blood entering the respiratory tract and asphyxiation are possible;
- immunosuppression. In the postoperative period, a temporary decrease in immune defense is possible, but it is not associated with the removal of the adenoids, but with surgery and stress;
- relapse. Of late complications, the repeated proliferation of lymphoid tissue should be distinguished, which requires diagnostics and dynamic monitoring. In some cases, a second operation is performed.
Postoperative period
To prevent complications, you should strictly adhere to medical recommendations. Particular attention is paid to the daily regimen, nutritious diet and special procedures. The course of the postoperative stage depends on the volume of surgical intervention, intraoperative difficulties and the presence of concomitant pathology.
Parents can take the little patient home 3 hours after the removal of the child's adenoids. After removal of the adenoids, the child must follow certain rules and be supervised by an adult.
On the first day of the postoperative period, a gentle regimen, good sleep and rest are required. In the following days, bed rest is not required, however, physical training is significantly limited. Children are temporarily prohibited from outdoor games, physical education lessons and visiting sports clubs. This allows you to provide the most favorable conditions for the healing of postoperative wounds and reduce the risk of infection.
In addition, hot baths and overheating of the body (prolonged exposure to the sun) are not recommended. The room should be frequently ventilated and wet cleaned.
Particular attention is paid to a nutritious diet, since pain syndrome is possible in children in the oropharynx zone. Diet recommendations include:
- enrichment with vitamin products;
- exclusion of hard, hot, spicy, fried foods;
- in the first week, the diet should be replenished with carrot juice, cereals (semolina, buckwheat), dairy products, vegetables, eggs. Solid foods are thoroughly chopped with a blender to achieve a mushy consistency;
- in the second week, it is allowed to add soups, steamed meat, fish and boiled liver;
- unlimited fruit is allowed in the third week.
With the help of breathing exercises, it is possible to restore nasal breathing and strengthen the immune system. What exercises are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes? Lessons are most beneficial in the morning, but the course should be repeated twice a day.
The duration of one session is 20-30 minutes in a pre-ventilated room.
The number of exercises gradually increases, starting at 3 and reaching 10 repetitions. At the initial stage, the exercises are performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist, then at home. There are some rules, the observance of which prevents trauma and ensures a good effect of the classes.
They include:
- performing exhalation - when bending forward, lateral sides, as well as when squatting and lowering the arms;
- inhalation - when raising the arms;
- inhale through the mouth, exhale through the nose.
In the process of carrying out breathing exercises, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the child.
The preparatory stage of gymnastics includes:
- raising, lowering the lower jaw with the head thrown back, synchronizing with breathing;
- lifting, lowering hands on raised toes;
- head movements forward, backward, in a circle.
The main complex includes:
- squats;
- breathing with protrusion of the abdomen;
- breathing "chest";
- breathing "one nostril";
- retention of air at the height of inspiration;
- running with the maximum rise of the knees.
To train facial muscles, exhale through a simulated tube, smile and whistle. They help to strengthen the muscles of the mouth.
Adhering to our recommendations, you can avoid the consequences after removal of the adenoids in children, as well as normalize the psychoemotional state of the child.
