The normal functioning of the respiratory system becomes impossible when the condition of the maxillary cavity is disturbed. This happens due to various diseases of the nose, when a certain area is exposed to viruses, bacteria and allergens very often. One of the results of this process is connective tissue hypertrophy. Can such a process be prevented?
Which leads to a violation
Thickening becomes a natural continuation of frequent colds, infectious diseases, hypothermia of the body, manifestations of allergies. The development of pathology is facilitated by:
- rhinitis;
- chronic sinusitis;
- polyps;
- injury;
- excessive intake of drugs that negatively affect immunity;
- an acute lack of vitamins and a weakening of the body's defenses;
- congenital / acquired curvature of the septum.
Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses in each of these cases has its own characteristics.
With rhinitis, for example, the process develops not only in the maxillary, but also in the frontal cavity, affects the area of the larynx, pharynx. Examination reveals changes in the periosteum, the bones of the turbinates, moreover, the growth is noted more in the lower part of the nose. Thickening of the mucous membrane leads to a feeling of complete obstruction, and vasoconstrictor drops do not give a positive result. In addition, patients report deterioration in hearing, smell, and sleep quality.
Other provoking factors include the development of purulent, purulent-polypous, necrotic, parietal sinusitis. Each of these types also has its own characteristics. For example, in the latter case, not only the thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa occurs, but the layer connecting it with the muscular membrane is also affected. Its peculiarity is that the contents do not stay in the cavity, but flow down the back wall of the larynx. Parietal inflammation is accompanied by pain in the frontal part, below, near the eyes, and the sensations intensify when bending.
If the timely washing of the maxillary sinuses is not carried out, polyps are formed, and a feeling of congestion on one side indicates them. With an increase in the size of the formations, the wall becomes thicker, and as they increase, it is more difficult to breathe through the nose, vasoconstrictor drops are of less benefit.
At the same time, a person does not leave the feeling that there is a foreign body in his nose, he wants to sneeze all the time, and due to constant congestion, the patient tries to breathe through his mouth, which leads to pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and similar disorders.
Hypertrophy, which occurs as a result of trauma, curvature of the septum, disruption of the structure of the nasal cavity, leads to an increase in secretion production, difficulty breathing during inhalation and exhalation. The person experiences:
- headache;
- discomfort in the upper jaw and wings of the nose;
- deterioration in sleep;
- the appearance of tinnitus.
Previously appearing discharge becomes cloudy, becomes white. The main common symptom is a lumpy appearance of the mucosa, since pineal lumps are actively forming. All signs are more pronounced against the background of weak immunity, a significant lack of vitamins.
Required diagnostics
In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the patient's history data and complaints must be supplemented by the results of other examination methods. The condition of the problem area is assessed based on the results of such research methods as:
- radiography;
- CT scan;
- rhinoscopy;
- puncture.
Using the methods used, the localization of the lesion is determined - the zone where the greatest thickening is formed. In addition, a sample of secretions taken during a puncture is sent for the study of microflora, sensitivity to antibiotics.
The use of several survey methods makes it possible to examine in detail the layer under study, the processes that take place there. Computed tomography (CT), for example, helps not only to see the growth of the layer, but also to estimate its height in different places, the degree of patency of the excretory ducts. At the same time, the place of edema here looks like a kind of strip located parietally. Using CT, you can notice a zone of thickening from a few millimeters. With its precision, this method compares favorably with radiography.
The X-ray image is used to assess the state of the layer under study at the stage of active swelling, as well as the level of the fluid, and, depending on the degree of inflammation, this fluid acquires a horizontal or concave oblique position. The growth zone in the picture is reflected in the form of parietal darkening, which indicates the degree of air permeability. If the cause of hypertrophy was trauma, the image will show the site of the fracture or cracks, individual fragments and their displacement.
However, it is believed that an X-ray does not always give a complete picture and therefore a computed tomography is prescribed to obtain more complete information.
One of the most important methods of examination is rhinoscopy; an endoscope is often used to conduct it. With its help, small polyps, the beginning of the process of thickening of the mucous membrane, as well as purulent discharge, which are invisible during conventional rhinoscopy, are revealed.
To obtain a more complete picture of the process, rhinoscopy is performed twice: before and after instilling a vasoconstrictor drug into the nose. The procedure is performed using a local anesthetic.
The best ways to normalize the mucous membrane
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the abnormal growth of the layer in the area of the maxillary sinus: without eliminating the root cause, even the operation will not give a sustainable effect. Therefore, it is recommended:
- with odontogenic sinusitis, first carry out dental treatment;
- with adenoids - sanitize the nasopharynx area;
- with polyps - remove the formation.
If the first stage is ignored, the inflammatory process resumes, moreover, it becomes more severe. After such a radical method, conservative treatment is used, which also depends on the cause of the disorder.
When chronic inflammation is caused by a purulent sinusitis, a sinus puncture is done, washing with one of the disinfecting solutions ("Furacilin", "Potassium permanganate", "Dioxidin"). The introduction of an antibiotic of the cephalosporin series into the problematic sinus is practiced. However, it should be borne in mind that such medications often cause an allergic reaction, especially in people with kidney and liver diseases.
The therapy includes the use of vasoconstrictor drugs - 5 drops on each side 3 times a day. Used "Galazolin", "Naphtizin", "Rinopront", but the duration of their use should not exceed 14 days.
In the event that rhinitis becomes the cause of chronic inflammation and proliferation of the mucous membrane, drainage is carried out to remove the secretions. Vasoconstrictor drugs ("Noxprey", "Galazolin", "Evkazolin") are also prescribed, but with prolonged (more than two weeks) use, they cause mucosal atrophy. However, antibiotics are considered the main drugs for this disease, and the most effective of them are Suprax, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Bioparox. It is also recommended to wash the sinuses with antiseptic solutions.
In case of thickening of the layer for any reason, treatment is carried out in accordance with the indications. But not only punctures, taking medications are prescribed, but also carrying out physiotherapeutic procedures - UHF, microwave or ultra-high-frequency therapy. Despite their good effectiveness, contraindications should be taken into account - high blood pressure, swelling, intolerance to physiotherapy.
It is recommended to flush the cavity with a solution prepared on the basis of eucalyptus / calendula extract (1 teaspoon per 500 ml of water).
Washing is carried out 2 times a day. It is useful to do a double instillation of celandine juice: 2 drops on each side, after 1-2 minutes - 2 drops again, and the procedure itself must be done 2 times a day. It is possible to use these or other folk remedies for the prevention of diseases, but only after consulting a doctor.
