Blood from the nose at a temperature in a child can suddenly come out. This process is scientifically called epistaxis, it may indicate mucosal dysfunction, which often occurs against the background of colds, but there may be more serious reasons. In any case, if a problem arises, the baby needs to be given first aid, and then contact an otolaryngologist and undergo an examination.
Why bleeding occurs
Elevated body temperature is a major factor in bleeding. In extreme heat, the body of babies produces special hemagglutinin antigens. They are harmful to health, as they reduce blood clotting and affect hematopoiesis. The danger of the situation is that internal hemorrhage may occur. This condition requires immediate treatment.
It is quite simple to recognize the violation, hematomas and subcutaneous bruises appear on the child's body - this is a consequence of a blood clotting disorder. Calling an ambulance is necessary in such a situation.
Antigens can be produced and after the temperature has returned to normal, they destroy platelet plates, which causes recurrence of nosebleeds. In this case, we are talking about a disease that is a complication of acute respiratory infections and influenza - thrombocytopenic purpura.
Other reasons
In addition to the fact that antibodies produced at elevated body temperature disrupt the functioning of the circulatory system, there may be other factors that cause epistaxis. They are divided into local and general. Let's take a closer look at each group.
General
- Infectious lesions that cause general intoxication, such as influenza, scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, etc.
- Severe disorders in the work of the circulatory system, which include leukemia, immune hemopathy, hemorrhagic diathesis, anemia.
- Avitaminosis - a lack of vitamins A, E and C negatively affects the strength of the walls of blood vessels and the work of the circulatory system.
- Randu-Osler disease. This is a hereditary pathology, with it there are abnormalities in the development of blood vessels, their walls become less dense and prone to bleeding.
- Pathologies of the work of the heart muscle, lungs, liver and kidneys.
Increased pressure, during the heat it becomes even greater, since the mucous membranes swell due to the expansion of blood vessels and capillaries.- Violation of the menstrual cycle, it most often worries girls who have just begun their periods and the cycle itself has not yet stabilized.
- Dryness of the inhaled air. With an increase in body temperature, the nasal mucosa becomes dry and emaciated; inhalation of insufficiently humidified air can aggravate this process.
- Coughing. With physical overstrain, which is created during coughing, pressure can rise sharply, which leads to rupture of capillaries and blood vessels.
Increased pressure, during the heat it becomes even greater, since the mucous membranes swell due to the expansion of blood vessels and capillaries.Local
- Injuries. On the overdried mucous membrane, crusts form, which children pick off. Since their vessels are located on the surface, this act can cause epistaxis.
- Tumors in the vessels. Hymangiomas can also provoke bleeding during a fever, it makes the vessels too vulnerable and fragile.
- Rhinitis. When the mucous membrane swells, the vessels swell, which can lead to a sudden leak of blood from the nose.
- Anatomical features of the structure of the nasal septum. The curvature of this part of the nose can adversely affect the functioning of the mucous membrane, it loses its protective functions and cannot fully protect the vessels from rupture.
How to help your baby
To stop epistaxis, you need to provide the child with first aid at home. It depends on the accuracy and speed of movements whether the baby will have complications or not. Before the doctors arrive, follow these instructions:
Ensure a comfortable position. You do not need to put the patient on the sofa and throw your head back, this will only create the appearance of stopping the bleeding. In fact, the blood will continue to flow, not through the nostrils, but into the stomach through the nasopharynx. This can cause complications such as bloody vomiting, which will significantly worsen the patient's condition. It is not difficult to prevent such a development of events - put the child on the bed and put several high pillows under his head, if you need to leave, turn the baby's head to one side, so he does not choke on his own blood.- Press down on the nostril from which the blood is flowing. Typically, vascular rupture occurs on only one side of the nasal cavity. It can be determined by the abundance of secretions, from where the trickle flows more intensively, there is the focus of injury. Press this nostril gently against the nasal septum, and hold it there for a few minutes.
- Compress the vasoconstrictor drops. If epistaxis is not severe, it can be stopped with pediatric vasoconstrictor drops. Soak cotton turundas in them and insert them into the nasal passage for 10-15 minutes. After that, carefully remove the compresses so as not to injure the mucous membrane.
- Apply a cold compress. Any cold object (ice pack, frozen food, etc.) can be used to stop nosebleeds. Apply it to the bridge of the nose, this will help reduce the pressure in the vessels and capillaries. You can hold the compress for no more than 5 minutes to prevent hypothermia.
- Hydrogen peroxide compress. This method of stopping epistaxis is suitable only for older children, since the drug can burn very thin and sensitive mucous membranes of babies. In a 3% solution, moisten a cotton swab and insert into the affected nostril for 10 minutes. After that, pull out the turunda.
Ensure a comfortable position. You do not need to put the patient on the sofa and throw your head back, this will only create the appearance of stopping the bleeding. In fact, the blood will continue to flow, not through the nostrils, but into the stomach through the nasopharynx. This can cause complications such as bloody vomiting, which will significantly worsen the patient's condition. It is not difficult to prevent such a development of events - put the child on the bed and put several high pillows under his head, if you need to leave, turn the baby's head to one side, so he does not choke on his own blood.Potential risks
It is especially difficult to deal with nosebleeds in very young children. As a rule, they cannot be seated in the desired position, the child is constantly naughty. Parents should call an ambulance, only qualified doctors will help to solve the problem correctly and avoid serious consequences.
Children should not drip into their nose with folk remedies, such as nettle juice, as they can cause a serious allergic reaction.
If you do not provide first aid on time, the child may simply choke, therefore it is important to act clearly and without panic until the doctors arrive.
After the epistaxis is eliminated, it is imperative to undergo a full examination. Bleeding can be associated not only with an increase in temperature, it often signals the development of serious diseases.
Let's summarize
Bleeding from the nose often occurs in children against the background of an increase in body temperature, since their vessels are separated from the surface by a very thin and sensitive mucous membrane, they are not strong enough, they are easily injured. If a violation is found, you should immediately seek medical help and undergo an examination to rule out serious systemic diseases.
