An antibiotic nasal spray is used primarily to treat bacterial and purulent sinus infections. Unlike tableted antibiotics, aerosols do not penetrate into the systemic circulation and therefore do not lead to intestinal dysbiosis. With the help of a dispenser, the medicine is converted into a finely dispersed liquid, which penetrates not only the nasal canals, but also the accessory sinuses.
Topical antibiotics are used to treat complicated bacterial inflammation in the nasopharynx. They contain antimicrobial substances that destroy the membranes of pathogenic bacteria or prevent their further reproduction. When compiling antibiotic therapy, preference is given to aerosols rather than drops, since they irrigate almost the entire surface of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses.
Indications for use
Before injecting an antibacterial aerosol into your nose, you need to make sure that a bacterial infection is the cause of the inflammation. It is possible to differentiate bacterial rhinitis from other types of rhinitis by the color and consistency of nasal discharge. The appearance of a thick greenish or yellowish exudate in most cases indicates a bacterial origin of rhinorrhea.
The microbial flora actively multiplies in the nasopharynx and therefore the development of the disease is often accompanied by symptoms of intoxication - headaches, lethargy, low temperature, lack of appetite, etc. The nasal discharge quickly thickens and therefore clogs the choans (internal nasal passages). In this regard, nasal breathing becomes difficult, because of which the patient has to breathe exclusively through the mouth.
Bacterial sinusitis and rhinitis are never accompanied by sneezing or watery, clear nasal mucus.
Antibiotic aerosols are commonly used to treat the following conditions:
- bacterial rhinopharyngitis - concomitant inflammation of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa;
- sinusitis (maxillitis) - inflammation of the paired maxillary sinuses (sinuses), located at the level of the cheeks on both sides of the nasal septum;
- sphenoiditis - inflammation of the unpaired sphenoid sinus, which is located at the base of the skull at the level of the bridge of the nose;
- ethmoiditis is an inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth located in the ethmoid bone at the very base of the nose.
Bacterial damage to the accessory sinuses is fraught with the development of dangerous complications, since some of them are located next to the pituitary gland, optic nerve and large arteries. To relieve inflammation, not only systemic drugs are usually used, but also aerosols for intranasal administration. They quickly destroy the infection, as a result of which the regression of inflammation is accelerated directly in the places of localization of the pathogenic flora.
List of drugs
Antibiotics in the nose are prescribed only in emergency cases with the development of severe bacterial complications and sinusitis. Inadequate and delayed treatment of respiratory diseases can cause osteomyelitis, meningitis, sepsis, or brain abscess. To prevent serious consequences, it is necessary to destroy the causative agent of the infection in the foci of inflammation, i.e. nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Local preparations with antibacterial components are the best for this task.
"Isofra"
The drug "Isofra" refers to aminoglycoside antibiotics, since it contains framycetin. Antimicrobial substances inhibit the synthesis of proteins in pathogenic bacteria, due to which the number of pathogens in the paranasal sinuses is rapidly reduced. 
Almost all known strains of bacteria that cause inflammation in the ENT organs are sensitive to framycetin.
An antibiotic aerosol is widely used in the treatment of nasopharyngitis and sinusitis of bacterial origin. In addition, it can be used for prophylactic purposes during the rehabilitation period after surgery. The duration of the course of antimicrobial therapy and the dosage depends on the form and stage of development of the disease. In this case, the minimum duration of treatment is 7 days, during which the patient's condition should improve. The lack of a therapeutic effect is a serious reason for revising the therapy regimen for ENT disease or the diagnosis.
Framycetin can have a negative effect on the cochleovestibular apparatus of the fetus, therefore, Isofra is not prescribed for pregnant women.
"Polydexa with phenylephrine"
Combined aerosols are among the most effective drugs for sinusitis. "Polydexa" is a spray of anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and antibacterial action, which includes two types of antibiotics (polymyxin, neomycin), synthetic glucocorticosteroids (dexamethasone) and vasoconstrictor components (phenylephrine). It is used to treat not only the nasopharynx, but also the middle ear, i.e. bacterial otitis media.
"Polydexa with phenylephrine" quickly relieves inflammatory and infectious processes in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. Due to the low systemic absorption (absorption into the bloodstream), the drug does not cause adverse reactions. However, in case of an overdose, it is phenylephrine that can have a negative effect on the vessels in the nasopharynx. Therefore, the aerosol dosage recommended by a specialist must not be exceeded.
Combination sprays are prescribed for patients with severe bacterial complications. However, they can be used only in the absence of contraindications, which include:
coronary insufficiency;- angle-closure glaucoma;
- uncontrolled hypertension;
- herpes zoster;
- history of convulsions.
coronary insufficiency;"Polydexa with phenylephrine" is a vasoconstrictor drug, therefore it is not recommended to use it for more than 7 days. Failure to take precautions often leads to withdrawal symptoms and medication-induced rhinitis.
"Fuzafunzhin"
"Fuzafyunzhin" ("Bioparox") is a local antibiotic with anti-inflammatory action, which is used for bacterial inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The course application of aerosol contributes to:
- reducing swelling in the nasopharynx;
- regression of inflammation in the accessory sinuses;
- restoration of nasal breathing;
- elimination of symptoms of intoxication;
- decrease in the secretion of mucus in the nasal cavity.
Improper use of the spray can provoke bronchospasm and itchy skin rashes.
The antimicrobial aerosol is equipped with a convenient nebulizer, thanks to which the medicinal suspension penetrates into the most inaccessible places of the nasopharynx. Due to this, the maximum therapeutic effect of local antibiotic therapy is achieved. "Fuzafyunzhin" is advisable to use in the treatment of nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, maxillitis, adenoiditis and other bacterial inflammations in the ENT organs.
Application features
Misuse of nasal sprays significantly reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy and can even cause complications. To enhance the effect of antibacterial components in an aerosol, it is necessary to take into account not only the dosage, but also the peculiarities of the use of local preparations:
- before using the spray, you should cleanse the nasal cavity from mucus using moisturizing agents (Morenazal, Physiomer, No-Salt) or saline;
- in case of severe nasal congestion, it is advisable to drip decongestants into the nose (Tizin, Galazolin, Knoxprey), which will quickly eliminate puffiness and restore the patency of the nasal passages;
- do several sprays of the spray into the air to achieve the correct dosage of the product;
- placing the bottle vertically, insert the spray into the nostril by 2-3 mm;
- after injecting a finely dispersed suspension, take a shallow breath so that the aerosol penetrates into the paranasal sinuses;
- treat the second nasal canal in the same way.
The correct and timely use of intranasal antibiotics eliminates the need for systemic drugs. But if the patient's condition does not improve with the passage of antimicrobial therapy, antibiotics in the form of intramuscular injections or tablets for oral administration are included in the treatment regimen.
Precautions for use
The active substances contained in the sprays are practically not absorbed into the bloodstream, but they affect the tissues of the nasopharynx. Too often, the use of antibacterial aerosols can provoke structural changes in the mucous membranes and, accordingly, complications. Most often, inappropriate use of antibiotic sprays leads to:
- local vascular dystonia;
- nosebleeds;
- medication rhinitis;
- allergic manifestations (urticaria, itching);
- atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
Antibacterial sprays should be used with caution by people who suffer from cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.
During gestation and lactation, topical antibiotic medications are usually not prescribed. Exceptions are made only if the potential complications are more harmful to the intrauterine development of the child than the side effects of the medication.
Conclusion
Antibiotic spray is a first-line drug that is used to treat bacterial inflammation in the nasal cavity. When spraying a spray, a medicinal suspension penetrates into the most distant parts of the airways. Therefore, local drugs are often included in the treatment of sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis, ethmoiditis and sphenoiditis.
Polydexa with phenylephrine, Fyuzafyunzhin and Framinazin (Isofra) are the best antibiotic sprays. They include components to which almost all strains of bacteria that cause the development of ENT diseases are sensitive. Timely and adequate treatment of diseases prevents the appearance of severe complications, which include meningitis, brain abscess, pansinusitis, etc.
Before using aerosols, it is recommended to cleanse the nasal cavity of thick mucous secretions. Thus, the penetration of the antibiotic into the lesions can be accelerated. In case of severe nasal congestion, before using an antibacterial spray, it is advisable to drip vasoconstrictor drops or sprays, which will improve the patency of the nasal passages and thereby facilitate the penetration of the drug into the paranasal sinuses.
