Therapeutic tactics are determined taking into account the type of infectious agent, the severity of the disease and the presence of concomitant pathology in humans. So, systemic antibacterial agents can be prescribed, as well as drugs with local action, for example, solutions or drops from sinusitis.
Among the predisposing factors, it is worth highlighting:
- bacterial rhinitis. The inflammatory process, as the disease progresses, spreads to the surrounding structures, predisposing the development of sinusitis. In most cases, streptococci, staphylococci, chlamydia, Haemophilus influenzae and fungi are detected;
- frequent SARS, which are accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and stagnation of mucus;
- chronic infectious diseases of the throat, ears. With a decrease in immune defense, pathogenic microbes are activated and cause exacerbation of diseases, covering healthy tissues of the nasopharynx;
- oral cavity infections (caries), poorly performed dental interventions;
- deformities of the nasal passages of congenital, traumatic origin (curvature of the septum);
- chronic rhinitis (vasomotor, allergic), when the mucous membrane of the nasal passages is in an edematous state for a long time, which disrupts the outflow of mucus.
The nasal cavity communicates with the paranasal sinuses, providing ventilation and cleansing. Due to the normal outflow of mucus and natural debridement of the sinuses, the inflammatory process does not develop, and the person's condition remains normal.
As soon as the drainage of the paranasal cavities is disturbed, mucus begins to accumulate, creating favorable conditions for the intensive multiplication of microbes. Outflow is hampered due to pronounced swelling of the nasal mucosa and structural anomalies of the nose.
In recent years, fungal sinusitis has been increasingly diagnosed. This is due to the misuse of antibacterial agents.
Treatment directions
With sinusitis, therapy should be aimed at:
- improvement of the outflow of purulent mucus from the accessory cavities;
- fight against infectious pathogens;
- decrease in the severity of the inflammatory process;
- relief of nasal breathing;
- restoration of ventilation in the sinuses;
- reduction of swelling of the nasal mucosa.
Complex therapy includes drugs of systemic and local action. Consider in more detail the types of drops that can be used for therapeutic purposes. There are three main groups of drugs for drip intranasal administration:
- vasoconstrictor;
- mucolytic;
- antibacterial.
Vasoconstrictor drugs
The appointment of vasoconstrictor drops is necessary to reduce the diameter of local blood vessels, which can reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa and facilitate nasal breathing. In addition, drugs in this group make it possible to restore the drainage function, thereby facilitating the outflow of mucus.
Depending on the composition of the drops, the effect can last 4-12 hours. Here is a list of vasoconstrictor drugs:
- Sanorin;
- Lazolvan;
- Otrivin;
- Evkazolin;
- Adrianol;
- Tizine;
- Xylo Mefa;
- Rinosprey;
- Afrin;
- Nazol;
- Fazin.
The list can be continued for a very long time, as there are more and more pharmaceutical names every day. Pay attention to the active ingredient. The duration of the effect, side reactions and contraindications depend on it. For example:
short-acting agents based on naphazoline (Naphthyzin), phenylephrine (Nazol, Rinza), tetrizoline (Tizin);- medium duration - xylometazoline (Otrivin, Xymelin), tramazolin (Adrianol);
- long-acting - oxymetazoline (Nazivin, Fazin).
short-acting agents based on naphazoline (Naphthyzin), phenylephrine (Nazol, Rinza), tetrizoline (Tizin);Restrictions for the use of vasoconstrictor agents relate to:
- pheochromocytomas;
- individual intolerance to the components;
- uncontrolled arterial hypertension;
- severe atherosclerotic vascular lesions;
- atrophic type of rhinitis;
- hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;
- glaucoma;
- subcompensated renal insufficiency.
In addition, medications should be used with caution in diabetes and antidepressant medication. The instructions should pay attention to the possibility of using drops in children and pregnant women. Adverse reactions include allergies, which can be manifested by dryness, burning sensations in the nasal cavities, sneezing.
Coughing, shortness of breath, and skin rashes are rare. If Quincke's edema develops, immediate medical attention is required.
Mucolytic agents
Mucolytic nasal drops for sinusitis reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa, increase the secretion of mucus, which makes it possible to reduce its viscosity by dilution. Thanks to this, the outflow of purulent secretions is facilitated, and the drainage function is restored.
In ENT practice, Sinuforte, Sinupret and Rinofluimucil are often prescribed. Let's dwell on the last remedy.
Rinofluimucil belongs to the group of combined drugs. It consists of acetylcysteine, tuaminoheptane. Its action is aimed at:
- reducing the inflammatory response;
- strengthening the immune defense;
- decreased viscosity of mucus;
- facilitating the outflow of purulent discharge from the accessory cavities;
- restoration of the protective functions of the mucous membrane;
- reduction of swelling of the nasal mucosa due to the vasoconstrictor effect.
Rinofluimucil does not penetrate into the general bloodstream, therefore it has only a local effect. The drug is administered using a nebulizer. Adults are recommended to take two doses three times a day. The duration of the course is 7 days.
Adverse reactions include:
- cardiopalmus;
- arterial hypertension;
- excitation;
- allergies;
- addictive;
- dryness in the nasopharynx.
Contraindications include:
- thyrotoxicosis;
- taking antidepressants;
- glaucoma;
- children's age up to two years;
- intolerance to the components.
In addition, caution is required when treating patients with asthma, cardiac arrhythmias, uncontrolled angina pectoris, and hypertension. As for the period of gestation, the decision is made exclusively by the doctor, taking into account the duration of pregnancy, the characteristics of its course and the condition of the woman.
In case of an overdose, there may be agitation, tachycardia, increased sweating, tremors, and high blood pressure.
Antibacterial drops
To quickly cure sinusitis, drops must contain an antibacterial component. The fact is that the inflammatory process is supported by microbes that accumulate in the mucus. In treatment, Izofra, Polidexa, Bioparox can be used. Bioparox is one of the monocomponent drugs with antibacterial activity. It contains fusafungin, which does not kill microbes, but deprives them of the ability to reproduce and produce toxic products.
Many aerobic, anaerobic bacteria and candida fungi are susceptible to antibiotics.
In addition to antimicrobial action, fusafungin reduces inflammation, tissue swelling and restores nasal breathing.
After administration, Bioparox does not penetrate into the systemic bloodstream. It is sprayed with a nozzle. One nasal passage must be closed, and in the other, the medicine must be injected. When spraying, the drug should be inhaled through the nose. The bottle must be held upright.
After the injection of the medication, the nozzle must be cleaned with a cotton swab and ethyl alcohol. Thanks to regular disinfection, it stays clean and does not accumulate germs.
Doses and duration of the therapeutic course are determined by the doctor, taking into account the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the person. Usually Bioparox is prescribed two doses three times a day. If the treatment is carried out for children, the medicine is used from 2.5 years, one dose three times a day. The duration of therapy is 7 days.
In most cases, Bioparox is well tolerated, however, the appearance of such side reactions is possible:
- dryness, sneezing, burning sensations in the nasopharynx;
- cough, bronchospasm;
- nausea;
- unpleasant taste in the mouth;
- lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia;
- skin rashes, itching, urticaria.
Among the contraindications is individual intolerance to fusafungin.
Ethnoscience
To improve the effectiveness of drug therapy, you can prepare medicines at home. Due to their natural composition, they gently act on the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses, stimulate the excretion of mucus, and also reduce the severity of the inflammatory process.
Drops for sinusitis from cyclamen
Cyclamen root can be purchased at a flower shop. To prepare the drug, you will need plant juice and boiled water for dilution. First, you should wash the root, grate it, and then squeeze out the juice.
In concentrated form, cyclamen juice cannot be used, as it has toxic properties.
To dilute 5 milliliters of juice, you need 240 ml of water. Within a week, you need to instill two drops once a day, after which you need to massage the wings of the nose for about 15 seconds. This will accelerate the absorption of drops, activate local blood flow and reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa, thereby facilitating the outflow of purulent mucus from the sinuses.
If you could not find the root of cyclamen, you can purchase the drug Sinuforte at the pharmacy, which contains its components.
Aloe juice
You can quickly cure sinusitis with an agave. Its juice has powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and decongestant properties.
The medicine accelerates tissue regeneration, clears mucus from the nasal cavities. To prepare a healing agent, you should cut off the leaf near the base, wrap it with a cloth and leave it in the refrigerator for 12 hours.
Then you need to remove the thin peel, chop and squeeze the juice. If you have already used aloe juice before, you can drip it undiluted, two drops twice a day. In other cases, especially for allergy sufferers, you need to dilute the concentrated juice with boiled water (1: 1).
Here are some more recipes:
- aloe juice can be mixed with onion juice (1: 1) and diluted with water in the same volume. The medicine has a pronounced antiseptic effect;
- we combine the juice of the plant with a few drops of celandine, then dilute with boiled water (1: 1);
- aloe and Kalanchoe juices can be mixed in equal volumes;
- Pour 10 g of chamomile with boiling water (100 ml), leave for half an hour. Then add 5 ml of aloe juice, mix thoroughly and instill three drops three times;
- 15 ml of sea buckthorn oil should be mixed with 3 drops of onion juice and 5 drops of aloe juice. odessa.natashaescort.com
The recipes use a plant over three years old.
Honey and vegetable juices are not recommended for sinusitis, since these components are a breeding ground for microbes and stimulate their reproduction.
Drops for the treatment of sinusitis are only part of a therapeutic complex that allows you to cure the disease and avoid complications. Often, the doctor prescribes drugs for local and systemic action. In order to avoid the chronicity of the inflammatory process, one should consult with a specialist when choosing the means.
