The type of disease can be determined by the localization of red spots, their size and concomitant symptomatic picture.
Most often, a rash in the throat is a consequence of an infectious lesion of the ciliated epithelium lining the inner surface of the oropharynx.
The provocateurs of inflammatory processes in the ENT organs are most often pathogenic viruses, microbes, less often fungi. In preschool children, itchy red dots in the throat may be due to allergies or diathesis.
Causes
Why do red dots appear on the mucous membrane of the throat? Rashes are rarely a sign of a life-threatening disease. A characteristic small rash on the back of the pharynx in children often indicates an infectious tissue lesion. The main causes of stains in the ENT organs include:
- allergic reactions;
- respiratory diseases;
- autoimmune disruptions.
Self-treatment can cause a deterioration in the well-being of the child, therefore, if you find a rash in the throat, you should seek help from a specialist. The doctor will carry out a diagnostic procedure, during which he will accurately determine the etiological factors of the problem and the appropriate course of treatment.
As a rule, with the development of infectious diseases, small red dots are localized on the soft palate and the back of the pharynx. Children can also "roll in" due to mechanical damage to the tissues of the throat. The subsequent granulation of the mucous membranes leads to a change in the structure of the ciliated epithelium, as a result of which small bright red blotches of connective tissue appear on the surface of the throat, which dissolve over time.
Typical diseases
Red spots in the mucous membrane of the pharynx occur due to tissue destruction. Pathogenic microorganisms that penetrate the ENT organs produce a large number of metabolites that melt healthy cells of the ciliated epithelium. As a result, multiple punctate hemorrhages are formed on the surface of the throat, i.e. rash.
Most often, a rash in the respiratory tract occurs due to the development of the following infectious diseases in children:
- herpetic sore throat;
- viral pemphigus;
- herpetic pharyngitis;
- flu;
- allergy;
- Infectious mononucleosis.
You can understand what kind of disease caused the appearance of the rash by the concomitant symptoms. Only a specialist will be able to accurately diagnose the pathology after conducting appropriate laboratory tests.
Herpetic sore throat
Herpetic sore throat (herpangina) is an infectious disease accompanied by damage to the pharyngeal formations and impaired swallowing. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in preschool children. The causative agents of the infection are echoviruses and the Coxsackie virus.
Herpangina is one of the highly contagious diseases, the development of which is evidenced by the following symptoms:
- red spots in the throat;
- runny nose;
- difficulty swallowing;
- high temperature (over 40 ° C);
- muscle weakness;
- sore throat.
Small, bright red vesicles are localized mainly on the soft palate, glands, and the posterior pharyngeal wall.
With the progression of the disease, the red blotches can increase in diameter, causing the patient to feel painful.
During the treatment of ENT disease, solid food should be excluded from the patient's diet, which can provoke mechanical damage to the mucous membranes of the pharynx.
In the case of a bacterial infection, the red bubbles fill with pus, as a result of which the rash becomes yellowish. At the site of the opening of purulent vesicles, erosive formations appear that can bleed.
Herpetic pharyngitis
Herpetic pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the pharynx, which is accompanied by the formation of red vesicles on the back of the pharynx and palatine arches. A red rash in the airways is caused by the development of the common herpes virus. However, the disease can cause serious complications, and therefore requires adequate and timely treatment.
The development of pathology is facilitated by local hypothermia of the ENT organs, a decrease in the reactivity of the body and an exacerbation of chronic diseases. Typical clinical manifestations of the disease are:
- hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the pharynx;
- itching and burning in the area of inflammation;
- the formation of small vesicles in the throat;
- heat;
- fever;
- salivation;
- pain when swallowing saliva.
Some types of medications interfere with tissue regeneration at the site of the opening of the vesicles, which causes scarring.
Young children more often than adults suffer herpetic pharyngitis, which is due to the low resistance of the child's body, hypovitaminosis and injuries of the pharynx. If not treated promptly, red pustules merge into large blisters, as a result of which they become more painful. It is possible to stop the further development of pathogenic flora in the ENT organs with the help of antiviral agents and local wound-healing drugs.
Viral pemphigus
Pemphigus viral is a common childhood disease characterized by the formation of large red pustules in the mouth and skin. Despite the relatively severe course of the disease, pemphigus does not pose a threat to the patient's life. In the case of adequate and timely treatment, the main clinical manifestations of the disease disappear within a week.
The causative agent of infection is most often enterovirus, which is transmitted by airborne droplets when coughing or sneezing. At the initial stages of the development of pathology, the child feels tired, after which his temperature rises. After about a day, the first symptoms of inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa appear.
Bubble formations occur not only on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, but also on the skin.
Over time, they burst, resulting in severe pain and discomfort.
Viral pemphigus does not require specific therapy, it goes away on its own within 6-7 days. It is possible to alleviate the symptoms of the disease with the help of antipyretic (Tylenol) and anti-inflammatory (Advil) agents. It is worth noting that preschool children should not be given Aspirin, as it can provoke the development of Reye's syndrome.
Allergic rash
Very often, the cause of the appearance of red spots in the mucous membrane of the throat is an allergic reaction. Due to the increased sensitization of the body, allergies often appear in patients under the age of 8 years. In the event of an allergic rash, patients do not complain of itching, perspiration or pain in the throat.
Provocateurs of pathological changes in tissues can 
become the following allergens:
- Toothpaste;
- citrus;
- chocolate;
- volatile chemicals.
Untimely elimination of the irritant can lead to the appearance of Quincke's edema.
As a rule, an allergic spot does not cause discomfort, but if the allergen that provoked the unwanted reaction is not eliminated in time, it can lead to tissue edema.
In this case, obstruction of the airways and subsequent hypoxia are not excluded. It is possible to eliminate the manifestations of an allergic reaction with the help of antihistamines, such as Suprastitn, Zirtek, Erius, Claritin, etc.
Specific diseases
In some cases, a red throat can be a manifestation of rare diseases, accompanied by the formation of an atypical rash on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. If you find characteristic red dots in the throat, you need to seek help from a specialist. Self-medication often leads to "blurring" of the clinical picture, which complicates the correct diagnosis.
Bright red dots can be caused by:
- Kaposi's sarcoma - malignant neoplasms that occur mainly in patients with immunodeficiency; the development of pathology is signaled by the appearance of crimson red spots on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx;
- petechiae in the palate - small hemorrhagic vesicles resulting from punctate hemorrhage;
- pyogenic granuloma - tumor-like red spots on the throat that appear due to the expansion of blood capillaries.
White plaque on the vesicles is a consequence of the rejection of dead tissues of the ciliated epithelium. Late treatment of pathologies often causes septic inflammation. To prevent the appearance of complications, it is advisable to seek help from a therapist or pediatrician when the first signs of pathology appear.
Treatment principles
The success of the treatment of red rashes on the throat is determined by the correct diagnosis. During the examination, the therapist will assess the nature of the clinical manifestations of the disease and the localization of the rash, after which he will redirect the patient to an otolaryngologist, oncologist or infectious disease specialist.
In the vast majority of cases, red dots and vesicles occur as a result of viral damage to the respiratory system. Immunostimulating and antiviral drugs will help to eliminate the pathogenic flora and manifestations of the disease. The following types of medications are most often included in the treatment regimen for ENT diseases:
- "Acyclovir" is an antiviral agent, the components of which destroy most of the virions that cause damage to the ciliated epithelium and skin;
- "Valacyclovir" is an antiviral drug that inhibits the synthesis of DNA of the herpes virus, which prevents the development of infection;
- "Viferon" - an inducer of interferon antiproliferative action, increases the activity of immunocompetent cells, which prevents the progression of the disease;
- "Cycloferon" is an antiviral immunostimulant that increases the body's resistance.
Solution antiseptics for irrigation of the oropharynx allow to stop local manifestations of the disease. In pediatric therapy, Faringosept, Hexoral, Orasept, etc. are used to treat hyperemic mucosa.
