Heart pills: a list of muscle-strengthening medications

The accumulation of fluid in the intracranial cavity due to increased vascular permeability, toxic damage often leads to the death of the patient.

In order to eliminate edema and remove excess fluid from the body in clinical practice, diuretics are used - diuretics. Depending on the mechanism of action, the effect on electrolyte metabolism and the severity of the effect, the classes presented in the table are distinguished:

The drugs are used as an adjuvant therapy for arterial hypertension, to eliminate signs of ophthalmic pathology, to stabilize the condition of endocrinological patients.

For emergency treatment, loop diuretics are used with a rapid and pronounced effect, which are released in the form of a solution for intravenous injection.

Treatment of pain attacks and shortness of breath

The most common complaint of cardiological hospital patients is chest pain that occurs after physical exertion ("angina pectoris", angina pectoris). Such patients often have “first aid” medicines in the pockets of their handbags, jackets and jackets to stop the attack, which is accompanied by pressing pain and fear of death.

The onset of the symptom is associated with impaired blood flow in the coronary arteries, lack of oxygen in the heart muscle. Pharmacological classification of drugs that are used to relieve and prevent angina attacks:

• nitrates - peripheral vasodilators - means that expand the lumen of blood vessels, improve blood flow in the coronary arteries. Reduce preload on the heart by depositing blood in the venous system. Fast and pronounced effect. The most common adverse reaction is headache:
  • "Nitroglycerin" - 0.5 mg (single dose);
  • "Nitrosorbide" - 20 mg;
  • "Trinitrolong" (long-acting form of release, used for the prevention of seizures) - 2-4 mg;
• inhibitors of IF channels. The antianginal effect is due to a decrease in the frequency and strength of heart contractions, an improvement in coronary blood flow:
  • "Ivabradine" - 10-15 mg / day;
• potassium channel activators that dilate the great and peripheral arterial vessels:
  • Nicorandil - 40 mg / day;
• metabolic agents that increase myocardial resistance to hypoxia (during physical activity), improve the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscle fibers and the brain:
  • "Trimetazidine" ("Preductal") - switches metabolism to the consumption of glucose, and not fatty acids, preserving the supply of ATP - energy molecules. The only evidence-based tool;
  • "Ranolazine" is a blocker of sodium channels that are activated during tissue ischemia. Reduces signs of hypoxia, prevents the development of a heart attack.

Nitrate preparations are considered the most used for first aid for angina pectoris. With severe headache, Nitroglycerin is prescribed together with Validol (distracting effect, reducing the intensity of the symptom). The recommended substitute is Molsidomin with a similar therapeutic effect. A single dose of 2-8 mg.

Discomfort behind the sternum is not always associated with impaired blood flow in the coronary arteries. List of possible etiological factors for heart pain:

1. Myocarditis, pericarditis - nonspecific inflammation of muscle fibers or the wall of the pericardial sac (often two to three weeks after angina). Treatment consists of using anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral agents.
2. Dyshormonal cardiomyopathy (with pathology of the thyroid gland, ovaries) - requires consultation with an endocrinologist.
3. Ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (eg in athletes): the greater the muscle mass, the greater the oxygen consumption.
4. Neurocirculatory - dystonia and neuroses caused by dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. In therapy use "Validol", "Corvalol", "Glycine".
5. Osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine.
6. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (eg, peptic ulcer) that mimic cardiovascular pathologies.

Elimination of pain in such cases requires a comprehensive diagnosis and selection of etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment.

The main symptom of cardiac muscle dysfunction is considered to be shortness of breath, the intensity of which determines the severity of the patient's condition. In cardiovascular pathology, regular medication reduces the severity of shortness of breath, chest pain and edema.

Heart rate control

Pulse is one of the key characteristics of the cardiovascular system, which reflects the efficiency of the pumping function and the adequacy of hemodynamics in the peripheral arteries.

During an objective examination, the doctor assesses:

1. Symmetry - a mismatch on the left and right hand indicates structural anomalies (blood clots, plaques, occlusions) that require surgical intervention.
2. Rhythm - disorders are corrected with antiarrhythmic drugs.
3. Frequency (norm 60-80 / minute). The number of beats is corrected with the help of BAB, BMKK (with a rapid heartbeat). Rare pulse (less than 40) - bradycardia requires an artificial pacemaker.
4. Voltage is determined by the state of the arterial wall. A hard pulse is characteristic of hypertension, a soft pulse - in case of hemodynamic insufficiency. For the treatment of the latter, adaptogens are used - "Schisandra extract", "Echinacea tincture".

The phenomenon of "pulse deficit" (the number of heartbeats does not coincide with the oscillations of the walls of the peripheral artery) is characteristic of atrial fibrillation, in which cardiac glycosides are used.

Blood thinners and cholesterol medications

Normalization of the rheological properties of blood (maintenance of a liquid state) and prevention of blood clots are the main condition for the prevention of IHD complications.

In clinical practice, the following blood-thinning drugs are used for the heart:

• antiplatelet agents - reduce the ability of platelets to stick together and with the artery wall:
  • "Acetylsalicylic acid" ("Aspirin") - 75-150 mg / day;
  • "Clopidogrel" - 75-325 mg / day;
  • "Ticagreol" ("Brilinta") - 90 mg / day;
• anticoagulants - prevent the formation of a blood clot through the blockade of plasma enzymes:
  • Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) - 20-30 mg / day;
  • "Warfarin" - 2-6 mg / day (under the control of a coagulogram - weekly).