3 degree of hypertension

Causes and Symptoms

Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to statistics, about 30% of people face this problem. Stage 3 of this disease is of particular danger to humans. People with high blood pressure should take their health very seriously, since they are primarily at risk of developing complications. Therefore, you need to know how hypertension of the 3rd degree can manifest itself. Its symptoms and treatment depend on the individual characteristics of the organism.

Hypertension is a disease characterized by a chronic course. It is accompanied by a persistent increase in blood pressure. Its readings can be 140/90 mm Hg or higher.

Hypertension can occur due to overstrain, psychoemotional activity, as a result of which there is a violation of the hormonal mechanisms responsible for the control of blood pressure, deviations from the vasomotor system are noted.

A persistent increase in pressure can be triggered by a large number of reasons, these are:

• kidney pathology;
• narrowing of the aorta;
• Takayasu's disease (narrowing of large vessels);
• adrenal gland tumor;
• heart disease;
• abnormalities in the thyroid gland.

The blood is pushed out by the heart and supplied under pressure to the circulatory system. In the process of contraction of the myocardium, systolic pressure is noted, and during relaxation, diastolic pressure, respectively, upper and lower. Due to the difference between their indicators, a pulse wave is formed.

Normally, the pressure should be 120/80 mm Hg. Its slight deviations in the direction of growth or decline are admissible. This condition is due to the blood supply to the tissues. During exercise, pressure can rise. As soon as the need for increased blood flow disappears, its indicators return to normal.

There are several provoking factors for the development of arterial hypertension:

• age;
• passive lifestyle;
• the presence of bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse);
• eating food high in salt;
• hypocalcium diet;
• the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus;
• genetic predisposition;
• an increased amount of atherogenic lipoproteins and triglycerides.

Patients are divided into groups based on the level of blood pressure, attitude to the risk group, concomitant diseases, organ damage.

The symptoms of this disease are very difficult to miss. The first warning sign is critical pressure, against which other problems can emerge.

Symptoms of hypertension include:

• decrease in the quality of vision;
• dizziness;
• the appearance of dark spots before the eyes;
• weakness in the body.

These manifestations are associated with damage to blood vessels, which occurs due to an increased load on them due to high blood pressure. Blood vessels lose their elasticity, and their surface is gradually covered with cholesterol plaques. This leads to the closure of the lumen and the obstruction of blood supply.

If we talk about the heart, then its left ventricle gradually increases in size, the muscle layer thickens on its walls, and the elasticity of the myocardium is greatly impaired. This leads to the fact that the left ventricle loses the ability to fully perform its tasks. If treatment is not started on time, there is a risk of suffering from heart failure.

Kidney function can also be impaired due to high blood pressure. Their blood flow deteriorates against the background of vascular lesions. The consequence of this is renal failure, which is often chronic in nature.

In the presence of hypertension, the human brain is especially affected. This happens due to vascular sclerosis and a decrease in their tone. The problem becomes serious if the vessels have a tortuous system, because severe tortuosity leads to the formation of blood clots.

Hypertension grade 3 without proper treatment can cause very serious problems. If the brain does not receive adequate nutrition and there is a lack of oxygen, attention is scattered, memory problems appear, encephalopathy develops, in which intellectual activity decreases. Some consequences can even provoke a complete loss of performance.

Due to the formation of blood clots, which are concentrated in the blood vessels of the brain, there is a high likelihood of ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke caused by the separation of a blood clot can also occur. Such conditions can be catastrophic for a person, since there is a danger of getting a disability.

Another dangerous complication is the outpouring of blood into various organs. This is usually associated with a decrease in vascular elasticity. Also, hemorrhages can occur in the area of ​​the aneurysm. This is due to the thinned walls of blood vessels that rupture easily.

In order for stage 3 grade 3 hypertension not to become more severe, you should respond in a timely manner to the following symptoms:

• feeling of constriction in the area of ​​ u200b u200bthe temples;
• severe headaches;
• the appearance of noise in one or both ears;
• the feeling of a "veil" in the eyes;
• sleep problems;
• prostration.

In order for grade 3 hypertension to be successfully overcome, one should not ignore the symptoms and the treatment recommended by the doctor. If nothing is done, the load on the blood vessels will increase, which undergo structural changes and become fragile.

Gradually, they lose the ability to adequately perform their main tasks, against the background of which the risks increase, and other symptoms appear:

• deviations from the work of the heart;
• groundless irritability;
• decreased visual acuity;
• memory impairment;
• the presence of shortness of breath even with little physical exertion.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of hypertension is based on the values ​​of blood pressure indicators, if they do not fall below 180/100 mm Hg for a long time. When diagnosing, the patient's complaints are very important. If he has nausea, dizziness, edema, weakness in the body, increased heart rate, then he definitely needs medical supervision.

To obtain correct data, within two weeks the patient must come to an appointment with a specialist and take blood pressure measurements twice. Thus, the diagnosis of hypertension stage 3 and 2 is carried out. This allows you to determine the presence of edema in the peripheral vessels. The technique of this type allows listening to the heart and calculating its configuration.

If, after passing a series of examinations, grade 3 hypertension was diagnosed, this means that there is a high risk of suffering from complications of this ailment. In order to prevent serious consequences from occurring, appropriate treatment measures are required urgently. Otherwise, grade 3 hypertension (risk 3) can provoke disability.

There are four risk groups, which are determined by the percentage of the likelihood of damage to the organs of the cardiovascular system and aggravating factors.

Among the factors of burdening are overweight, smoking, chronic stress, diabetes mellitus, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, endocrine pathologies.

Hypertension grade 3, risk 2... This stage is characterized by attacks of angina pectoris, sleep and heart rhythm disturbances. When examining patients, many have a lesion of the internal organs. To confirm the diagnosis of grade 3 hypertension (second risk), blood and urine donation, ECG, ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound, EEG, urography, CT of the kidneys may be prescribed.

Hypertension grade 3, risk 3... This form of the disease poses a serious danger to human health and life. Arterial hypertension of the 3rd degree (third risk) even threatens with disability. It can cause problems with the heart, brain, kidneys, or retina.

Even grade 2 hypertension with the same risk can lead to irreversible disorders due to the presence of aggravating factors. In order to minimize the risk of grade 3 at stage 3, do not neglect the recommendations of doctors and, if necessary, immediately contact a medical institution.

Hypertension grade 3, risk 4... May lead to impaired speech or motor functions up to paralysis. In this case, a person is no longer able to cope without the help of strangers. He needs constant care and increased attention. His health worsens every day, as the disease affects new organs and systems.

The exact diagnosis is announced after a physical examination (listening to the heart with a phonendoscope), electrocardiogram, ultrasound, arteriography, Doppler ultrasound, kidney and thyroid examinations.

Disability

In case of severe damage to the brain, heart or kidneys, the patient may be assigned a certain disability group. However, some patients may be considered partially disabled and may work from home.

If we are talking about serious cardiovascular complications (CVC), significant deterioration in the work of the brain or kidneys, a person is assigned a disability group 2. At the same time, he must constantly be on a special dispensary account and periodically examined by a doctor. Completing a rehabilitation course will allow you to recover from an illness and improve the health of a hypertensive patient.

Treatment

It is necessary to treat grade 3 hypertension in a comprehensive manner. For these purposes, several drugs are used that interact with each other. One remedy will not be enough to cope with the defeat of the internal organs.

The first step is to start organizing the right lifestyle. You should reduce activity and take care of a balanced diet. Very often, with hypertension, you need to follow a special diet. Its development should be carried out by a specialist, taking into account the individual characteristics of each individual patient. In addition, wellness treatments may be recommended, the essence of which is to improve overall health.

It is also necessary to alternate between work and rest. A patient diagnosed with hypertension should try to avoid overstrain and overwork.

Traditional therapy

Drug therapy is an important step in the treatment of grade 3 hypertension. For each patient, taking into account the degree of the disease and the existing risks, the optimal drugs are selected with the help of which the cause of the increase in blood pressure is eliminated. It is highly undesirable to self-medicate, because it threatens with serious complications, side reactions and can even lead to death.

With hypertension, you need to take long-acting medications. The prescribed drugs are drunk at one time, after which it is necessary to measure the pressure from time to time.

A combination of drugs is used for treatment. It is very important to receive them in a timely manner, avoiding omissions, so as not to provoke a deterioration in the condition. For the treatment of hypertension, the following groups of drugs can be used:

• calcium antagonists;
• diuretics;
• inhibitors;
• beta-blockers;
• magnesia.

The action of these drugs is aimed at lowering blood pressure. The dosage, the number of receptions and the duration of treatment depends on the age category of the patient, concomitant diseases, and the general condition of the patient.

If heart failure has been diagnosed, nitro drugs are additionally prescribed to him. To improve cerebral circulation, vascular agents and vitamins are used.

In case of an acute attack, the patient is sent to a hospital, where he must be under the strict supervision of specialists. As soon as the pressure is stabilized, he is discharged from the hospital. However, this does not mean that the treatment is complete. The patient should continue to take the prescribed medications. Otherwise, there is a possibility of a hypertensive crisis.

Folk remedies

The use of folk remedies will be justified if combined with taking pharmaceutical drugs. Before treating hypertension with the chosen method, it must be approved by the attending physician.

With this disease, herbal medicine has proven itself well. Herbs that have a sedative effect are perfect to combat the disease. They are represented by medicinal lemon balm, chamomile, mint, valerian and hawthorn. These herbs are brewed according to the directions in the instructions and consumed as a tea. If desired, sugar or honey can be added to such drinks (provided that there is no allergy to bee products).

Green tea, in which you can put a slice of lemon, will help reduce blood pressure. Rosehip decoction helps to bring pressure back to normal.

Garlic-based products are highly effective in this disease. This product copes well with persistent high blood pressure. It is distinguished by blood thinning properties, prevents lipid deposition on the walls of blood vessels and stimulates blood flow. Thanks to garlic, it is possible to minimize the formation of blood clots, which clog blood vessels and provoke the development of heart attacks and strokes. In no case should it be combined with taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, because this can cause bleeding.

If grade 3 hypertension has been diagnosed, its treatment can be carried out with garlic infusion. The tool is prepared in this way:

• 2 cloves are cut into thin slices;
• pour boiling water;
• leave to infuse for 12 hours.

The resulting medicine is drunk, after which a new preparation is made. The duration of treatment is 30 days. The drug is taken twice a day, one glass at a time (preferably in the morning and before going to bed).

As you know, it is always easier to prevent a disease than to cure it later. It is very important to pay attention to preventive measures, which consist in normalizing sleep patterns, giving up bad habits, reducing physical activity, and fighting overweight. You should also periodically visit a doctor, undergo examinations, and take tests. This will make it possible to identify the disease in the early stages and begin the fight against it in a timely manner.